ETH Price: $1,820.70 (-5.06%)

Transaction Decoder

Block:
23599202 at Oct-17-2025 06:34:35 PM +UTC
Transaction Fee:
0.0000912566594394 ETH $0.17
Gas Used:
222,378 Gas / 0.4103673 Gwei

Account State Difference:

  Address   Before After State Difference Code
0x00000000...43aC78BA3
(Uniswap Protocol: Permit2)
(Titan Builder)
15.612940740049571965 Eth15.612961643581571965 Eth0.000020903532
0xb8240161...c7163Aa93 0.000139667746087958 Eth0.001139042165985931 Eth0.000999374419897973
0xC02aaA39...83C756Cc2 2,296,782.48634789110876961 Eth2,296,782.485348516688871637 Eth0.000999374419897973
0xdAC17F95...13D831ec7
0xe5285E81...55F068e6f
0.70192424222585579 Eth
Nonce: 5827
0.70183298556641639 Eth
Nonce: 5828
0.0000912566594394

Execution Trace

0x1e1ed00f1048c99240bb56defc20de44a0a005cb.fd3ad6d4( )
  • Permit2.permitWitnessTransferFrom( permit=[{name:permitted, type:tuple, order:1, indexed:false, value:[{name:token, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7, valueString:0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7}, {name:amount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:4435564, valueString:4435564}], valueString:[{name:token, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7, valueString:0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7}, {name:amount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:4435564, valueString:4435564}]}, {name:nonce, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:2241959297937691820908574931991695, valueString:2241959297937691820908574931991695}, {name:deadline, type:uint256, order:3, indexed:false, value:1760726365, valueString:1760726365}], transferDetails=[{name:to, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb, valueString:0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb}, {name:requestedAmount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:4435564, valueString:4435564}], owner=0xb82401615eDC39654d39Fa191BC756ec7163Aa93, witness=620274961319B296A694328B257A89835C9BB69BC4C9B715288DF90686414450, witnessTypeString=SlippageAndActions slippageAndActions)SlippageAndActions(address recipient,address buyToken,uint256 minAmountOut,bytes[] actions)TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount), signature=0x3D88EC630B88162610798873CF9E8120A896B671FBA7D9D9758A16739C0A33BE11B34DE29AE85FC35D5999D34BEFB9AC051B9A28EA240259CBB91F05961110D71B )
    • Null: 0x000...001.a6ec0ff9( )
    • TetherToken.transferFrom( _from=0xb82401615eDC39654d39Fa191BC756ec7163Aa93, _to=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb, _value=4435564 )
    • TetherToken.balanceOf( who=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb ) => ( 4435564 )
    • TetherToken.transfer( _to=0x9f6601854deE374B1BfAf6350ffd27A97309d431, _value=569969 )
    • TetherToken.balanceOf( who=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb ) => ( 3865595 )
    • TetherToken.transfer( _to=0xEDC6531B10297788CBb0fcFAEE904a3803D3E2e4, _value=30924 )
    • TetherToken.balanceOf( who=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb ) => ( 3834671 )
    • TetherToken.transfer( _to=0x9f6601854deE374B1BfAf6350ffd27A97309d431, _value=1917 )
    • TetherToken.balanceOf( who=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb ) => ( 3832754 )
    • TetherToken.transfer( _to=0x46BE6Dfb8ee05B8d57b6158c663fDF2Be7fb9C87, _value=3832754 )
    • Permit2.permitWitnessTransferFrom( permit=[{name:permitted, type:tuple, order:1, indexed:false, value:[{name:token, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2, valueString:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2}, {name:amount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:1146723683718528, valueString:1146723683718528}], valueString:[{name:token, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2, valueString:0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2}, {name:amount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:1146723683718528, valueString:1146723683718528}]}, {name:nonce, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:37861796680163264332194326045265412463110535794889894270923640487366801806492, valueString:37861796680163264332194326045265412463110535794889894270923640487366801806492}, {name:deadline, type:uint256, order:3, indexed:false, value:1760726125, valueString:1760726125}], transferDetails=[{name:to, type:address, order:1, indexed:false, value:0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb, valueString:0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb}, {name:requestedAmount, type:uint256, order:2, indexed:false, value:999374419897973, valueString:999374419897973}], owner=0x46BE6Dfb8ee05B8d57b6158c663fDF2Be7fb9C87, witness=0B85A78F3ED2EAF10CA64556D23D432B4F83C3C23C3EDB101B3516428ABEE7B3, witnessTypeString=Consideration consideration)Consideration(address token,uint256 amount,address counterparty,bool partialFillAllowed)TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount), signature=0xA37C6BB306E89BB8F2B7C3FF3F8CEDCC105FBA77DA920E8A27F9DE0958848B8E1FFE260C29DF8A9BFC868C2C4C52E758157872747D7DFBB747CF2D973A6522011B )
      • Null: 0x000...001.fc90f109( )
      • WETH9.transferFrom( src=0x46BE6Dfb8ee05B8d57b6158c663fDF2Be7fb9C87, dst=0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb, wad=999374419897973 ) => ( True )
      • WETH9.balanceOf( 0x1e1Ed00F1048C99240bB56defC20de44A0A005Cb ) => ( 999374419897973 )
      • WETH9.withdraw( wad=999374419897973 )
        • ETH 0.000999374419897973 0x1e1ed00f1048c99240bb56defc20de44a0a005cb.CALL( )
        • ETH 0.000999374419897973 0xb82401615edc39654d39fa191bc756ec7163aa93.CALL( )
          File 1 of 3: TetherToken
          pragma solidity ^0.4.17;
          
          /**
           * @title SafeMath
           * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error
           */
          library SafeMath {
              function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  if (a == 0) {
                      return 0;
                  }
                  uint256 c = a * b;
                  assert(c / a == b);
                  return c;
              }
          
              function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
                  uint256 c = a / b;
                  // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
                  return c;
              }
          
              function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  assert(b <= a);
                  return a - b;
              }
          
              function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
                  uint256 c = a + b;
                  assert(c >= a);
                  return c;
              }
          }
          
          /**
           * @title Ownable
           * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control
           * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions".
           */
          contract Ownable {
              address public owner;
          
              /**
                * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
                * account.
                */
              function Ownable() public {
                  owner = msg.sender;
              }
          
              /**
                * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
                */
              modifier onlyOwner() {
                  require(msg.sender == owner);
                  _;
              }
          
              /**
              * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
              * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
              */
              function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
                  if (newOwner != address(0)) {
                      owner = newOwner;
                  }
              }
          
          }
          
          /**
           * @title ERC20Basic
           * @dev Simpler version of ERC20 interface
           * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
           */
          contract ERC20Basic {
              uint public _totalSupply;
              function totalSupply() public constant returns (uint);
              function balanceOf(address who) public constant returns (uint);
              function transfer(address to, uint value) public;
              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
          }
          
          /**
           * @title ERC20 interface
           * @dev see https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
           */
          contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
              function allowance(address owner, address spender) public constant returns (uint);
              function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) public;
              function approve(address spender, uint value) public;
              event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
          }
          
          /**
           * @title Basic token
           * @dev Basic version of StandardToken, with no allowances.
           */
          contract BasicToken is Ownable, ERC20Basic {
              using SafeMath for uint;
          
              mapping(address => uint) public balances;
          
              // additional variables for use if transaction fees ever became necessary
              uint public basisPointsRate = 0;
              uint public maximumFee = 0;
          
              /**
              * @dev Fix for the ERC20 short address attack.
              */
              modifier onlyPayloadSize(uint size) {
                  require(!(msg.data.length < size + 4));
                  _;
              }
          
              /**
              * @dev transfer token for a specified address
              * @param _to The address to transfer to.
              * @param _value The amount to be transferred.
              */
              function transfer(address _to, uint _value) public onlyPayloadSize(2 * 32) {
                  uint fee = (_value.mul(basisPointsRate)).div(10000);
                  if (fee > maximumFee) {
                      fee = maximumFee;
                  }
                  uint sendAmount = _value.sub(fee);
                  balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
                  balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(sendAmount);
                  if (fee > 0) {
                      balances[owner] = balances[owner].add(fee);
                      Transfer(msg.sender, owner, fee);
                  }
                  Transfer(msg.sender, _to, sendAmount);
              }
          
              /**
              * @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
              * @param _owner The address to query the the balance of.
              * @return An uint representing the amount owned by the passed address.
              */
              function balanceOf(address _owner) public constant returns (uint balance) {
                  return balances[_owner];
              }
          
          }
          
          /**
           * @title Standard ERC20 token
           *
           * @dev Implementation of the basic standard token.
           * @dev https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
           * @dev Based oncode by FirstBlood: https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/blob/master/smart_contract/FirstBloodToken.sol
           */
          contract StandardToken is BasicToken, ERC20 {
          
              mapping (address => mapping (address => uint)) public allowed;
          
              uint public constant MAX_UINT = 2**256 - 1;
          
              /**
              * @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another
              * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
              * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
              * @param _value uint the amount of tokens to be transferred
              */
              function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint _value) public onlyPayloadSize(3 * 32) {
                  var _allowance = allowed[_from][msg.sender];
          
                  // Check is not needed because sub(_allowance, _value) will already throw if this condition is not met
                  // if (_value > _allowance) throw;
          
                  uint fee = (_value.mul(basisPointsRate)).div(10000);
                  if (fee > maximumFee) {
                      fee = maximumFee;
                  }
                  if (_allowance < MAX_UINT) {
                      allowed[_from][msg.sender] = _allowance.sub(_value);
                  }
                  uint sendAmount = _value.sub(fee);
                  balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
                  balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(sendAmount);
                  if (fee > 0) {
                      balances[owner] = balances[owner].add(fee);
                      Transfer(_from, owner, fee);
                  }
                  Transfer(_from, _to, sendAmount);
              }
          
              /**
              * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
              * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
              * @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
              */
              function approve(address _spender, uint _value) public onlyPayloadSize(2 * 32) {
          
                  // To change the approve amount you first have to reduce the addresses`
                  //  allowance to zero by calling `approve(_spender, 0)` if it is not
                  //  already 0 to mitigate the race condition described here:
                  //  https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
                  require(!((_value != 0) && (allowed[msg.sender][_spender] != 0)));
          
                  allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
                  Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
              }
          
              /**
              * @dev Function to check the amount of tokens than an owner allowed to a spender.
              * @param _owner address The address which owns the funds.
              * @param _spender address The address which will spend the funds.
              * @return A uint specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
              */
              function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public constant returns (uint remaining) {
                  return allowed[_owner][_spender];
              }
          
          }
          
          
          /**
           * @title Pausable
           * @dev Base contract which allows children to implement an emergency stop mechanism.
           */
          contract Pausable is Ownable {
            event Pause();
            event Unpause();
          
            bool public paused = false;
          
          
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
             */
            modifier whenNotPaused() {
              require(!paused);
              _;
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
             */
            modifier whenPaused() {
              require(paused);
              _;
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev called by the owner to pause, triggers stopped state
             */
            function pause() onlyOwner whenNotPaused public {
              paused = true;
              Pause();
            }
          
            /**
             * @dev called by the owner to unpause, returns to normal state
             */
            function unpause() onlyOwner whenPaused public {
              paused = false;
              Unpause();
            }
          }
          
          contract BlackList is Ownable, BasicToken {
          
              /////// Getters to allow the same blacklist to be used also by other contracts (including upgraded Tether) ///////
              function getBlackListStatus(address _maker) external constant returns (bool) {
                  return isBlackListed[_maker];
              }
          
              function getOwner() external constant returns (address) {
                  return owner;
              }
          
              mapping (address => bool) public isBlackListed;
              
              function addBlackList (address _evilUser) public onlyOwner {
                  isBlackListed[_evilUser] = true;
                  AddedBlackList(_evilUser);
              }
          
              function removeBlackList (address _clearedUser) public onlyOwner {
                  isBlackListed[_clearedUser] = false;
                  RemovedBlackList(_clearedUser);
              }
          
              function destroyBlackFunds (address _blackListedUser) public onlyOwner {
                  require(isBlackListed[_blackListedUser]);
                  uint dirtyFunds = balanceOf(_blackListedUser);
                  balances[_blackListedUser] = 0;
                  _totalSupply -= dirtyFunds;
                  DestroyedBlackFunds(_blackListedUser, dirtyFunds);
              }
          
              event DestroyedBlackFunds(address _blackListedUser, uint _balance);
          
              event AddedBlackList(address _user);
          
              event RemovedBlackList(address _user);
          
          }
          
          contract UpgradedStandardToken is StandardToken{
              // those methods are called by the legacy contract
              // and they must ensure msg.sender to be the contract address
              function transferByLegacy(address from, address to, uint value) public;
              function transferFromByLegacy(address sender, address from, address spender, uint value) public;
              function approveByLegacy(address from, address spender, uint value) public;
          }
          
          contract TetherToken is Pausable, StandardToken, BlackList {
          
              string public name;
              string public symbol;
              uint public decimals;
              address public upgradedAddress;
              bool public deprecated;
          
              //  The contract can be initialized with a number of tokens
              //  All the tokens are deposited to the owner address
              //
              // @param _balance Initial supply of the contract
              // @param _name Token Name
              // @param _symbol Token symbol
              // @param _decimals Token decimals
              function TetherToken(uint _initialSupply, string _name, string _symbol, uint _decimals) public {
                  _totalSupply = _initialSupply;
                  name = _name;
                  symbol = _symbol;
                  decimals = _decimals;
                  balances[owner] = _initialSupply;
                  deprecated = false;
              }
          
              // Forward ERC20 methods to upgraded contract if this one is deprecated
              function transfer(address _to, uint _value) public whenNotPaused {
                  require(!isBlackListed[msg.sender]);
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return UpgradedStandardToken(upgradedAddress).transferByLegacy(msg.sender, _to, _value);
                  } else {
                      return super.transfer(_to, _value);
                  }
              }
          
              // Forward ERC20 methods to upgraded contract if this one is deprecated
              function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint _value) public whenNotPaused {
                  require(!isBlackListed[_from]);
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return UpgradedStandardToken(upgradedAddress).transferFromByLegacy(msg.sender, _from, _to, _value);
                  } else {
                      return super.transferFrom(_from, _to, _value);
                  }
              }
          
              // Forward ERC20 methods to upgraded contract if this one is deprecated
              function balanceOf(address who) public constant returns (uint) {
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return UpgradedStandardToken(upgradedAddress).balanceOf(who);
                  } else {
                      return super.balanceOf(who);
                  }
              }
          
              // Forward ERC20 methods to upgraded contract if this one is deprecated
              function approve(address _spender, uint _value) public onlyPayloadSize(2 * 32) {
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return UpgradedStandardToken(upgradedAddress).approveByLegacy(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
                  } else {
                      return super.approve(_spender, _value);
                  }
              }
          
              // Forward ERC20 methods to upgraded contract if this one is deprecated
              function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public constant returns (uint remaining) {
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return StandardToken(upgradedAddress).allowance(_owner, _spender);
                  } else {
                      return super.allowance(_owner, _spender);
                  }
              }
          
              // deprecate current contract in favour of a new one
              function deprecate(address _upgradedAddress) public onlyOwner {
                  deprecated = true;
                  upgradedAddress = _upgradedAddress;
                  Deprecate(_upgradedAddress);
              }
          
              // deprecate current contract if favour of a new one
              function totalSupply() public constant returns (uint) {
                  if (deprecated) {
                      return StandardToken(upgradedAddress).totalSupply();
                  } else {
                      return _totalSupply;
                  }
              }
          
              // Issue a new amount of tokens
              // these tokens are deposited into the owner address
              //
              // @param _amount Number of tokens to be issued
              function issue(uint amount) public onlyOwner {
                  require(_totalSupply + amount > _totalSupply);
                  require(balances[owner] + amount > balances[owner]);
          
                  balances[owner] += amount;
                  _totalSupply += amount;
                  Issue(amount);
              }
          
              // Redeem tokens.
              // These tokens are withdrawn from the owner address
              // if the balance must be enough to cover the redeem
              // or the call will fail.
              // @param _amount Number of tokens to be issued
              function redeem(uint amount) public onlyOwner {
                  require(_totalSupply >= amount);
                  require(balances[owner] >= amount);
          
                  _totalSupply -= amount;
                  balances[owner] -= amount;
                  Redeem(amount);
              }
          
              function setParams(uint newBasisPoints, uint newMaxFee) public onlyOwner {
                  // Ensure transparency by hardcoding limit beyond which fees can never be added
                  require(newBasisPoints < 20);
                  require(newMaxFee < 50);
          
                  basisPointsRate = newBasisPoints;
                  maximumFee = newMaxFee.mul(10**decimals);
          
                  Params(basisPointsRate, maximumFee);
              }
          
              // Called when new token are issued
              event Issue(uint amount);
          
              // Called when tokens are redeemed
              event Redeem(uint amount);
          
              // Called when contract is deprecated
              event Deprecate(address newAddress);
          
              // Called if contract ever adds fees
              event Params(uint feeBasisPoints, uint maxFee);
          }

          File 2 of 3: WETH9
          // Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017 Dapphub
          
          // This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
          // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
          // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
          // (at your option) any later version.
          
          // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
          // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
          // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
          // GNU General Public License for more details.
          
          // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
          // along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
          
          pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
          
          contract WETH9 {
              string public name     = "Wrapped Ether";
              string public symbol   = "WETH";
              uint8  public decimals = 18;
          
              event  Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
              event  Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
              event  Deposit(address indexed dst, uint wad);
              event  Withdrawal(address indexed src, uint wad);
          
              mapping (address => uint)                       public  balanceOf;
              mapping (address => mapping (address => uint))  public  allowance;
          
              function() public payable {
                  deposit();
              }
              function deposit() public payable {
                  balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;
                  Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
              }
              function withdraw(uint wad) public {
                  require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= wad);
                  balanceOf[msg.sender] -= wad;
                  msg.sender.transfer(wad);
                  Withdrawal(msg.sender, wad);
              }
          
              function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) {
                  return this.balance;
              }
          
              function approve(address guy, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                  allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;
                  Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);
                  return true;
              }
          
              function transfer(address dst, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
                  return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
              }
          
              function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
                  public
                  returns (bool)
              {
                  require(balanceOf[src] >= wad);
          
                  if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
                      require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad);
                      allowance[src][msg.sender] -= wad;
                  }
          
                  balanceOf[src] -= wad;
                  balanceOf[dst] += wad;
          
                  Transfer(src, dst, wad);
          
                  return true;
              }
          }
          
          
          /*
                              GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                                 Version 3, 29 June 2007
          
           Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
           Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
           of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
          
                                      Preamble
          
            The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
          software and other kinds of works.
          
            The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
          to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
          the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
          share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
          software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
          GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
          any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
          your programs, too.
          
            When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
          price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
          have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
          them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
          want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
          free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
          
            To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
          these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
          certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
          you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
          
            For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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            Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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            For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
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          authors of previous versions.
          
            Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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          protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
          pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
          use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
          have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
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          stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
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            Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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            The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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                                 TERMS AND CONDITIONS
          
            0. Definitions.
          
            "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
          
            "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
          works, such as semiconductor masks.
          
            "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
          License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
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            To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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            A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
          on the Program.
          
            To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
          permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
          infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
          computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
          distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
          public, and in some countries other activities as well.
          
            To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
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            An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
          to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
          feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
          tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
          extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
          work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
          the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
          menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
          
            1. Source Code.
          
            The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
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            A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
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          is widely used among developers working in that language.
          
            The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
          than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
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          "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
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            The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
          the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
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          System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
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          the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
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          subprograms and other parts of the work.
          
            The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
          can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
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            The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
          same work.
          
            2. Basic Permissions.
          
            All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
          copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
          conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
          permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
          covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
          content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
          rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
          
            You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
          convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
          in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
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          with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
          the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
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          for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
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            Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
          the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
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            3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
          
            No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
          measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
          11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
          similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
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            When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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          users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
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            4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
          
            You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
          receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
          appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
          keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
          non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
          keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
          recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
          
            You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
          and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
          
            5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
          
            You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
          produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
          terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
          
              a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
              it, and giving a relevant date.
          
              b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
              released under this License and any conditions added under section
              7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
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              c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
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              additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
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              d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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              work need not make them do so.
          
            A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
          works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
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          in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
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          used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
          beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
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            6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
          
            You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
          of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
          machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
          in one of these ways:
          
              a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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              Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
              customarily used for software interchange.
          
              b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
              (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
              written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
              long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
              model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
              copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
              product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
              medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
              more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
              conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
              Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
          
              c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
              written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
              alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
              only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
              with subsection 6b.
          
              d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
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              further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
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              e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
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            A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
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          included in conveying the object code work.
          
            A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
          tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
          or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
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          typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
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            "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
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          modification has been made.
          
            If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
          specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
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          Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
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          if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
          modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
          been installed in ROM).
          
            The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
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          the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
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            Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
          in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
          documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
          source code form), and must require no special password or key for
          unpacking, reading or copying.
          
            7. Additional Terms.
          
            "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
          License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
          Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
          be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
          that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
          apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
          under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
          this License without regard to the additional permissions.
          
            When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
          remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
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          additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
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            Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
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          that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
          
              a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
              terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
          
              b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
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              Notices displayed by works containing it; or
          
              c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
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              d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
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              e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
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            All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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          received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
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          a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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          not survive such relicensing or conveying.
          
            If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
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            Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
          form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
          the above requirements apply either way.
          
            8. Termination.
          
            You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
          provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
          modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
          this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
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            However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
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          provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
          finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
          holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
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            Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
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          received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
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          your receipt of the notice.
          
            Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
          licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
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          reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
          material under section 10.
          
            9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
          
            You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
          run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
          occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
          to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
          nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
          modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
          not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
          covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
          
            10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
          
            Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
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          propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
          for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
          
            An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
          organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
          organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
          work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
          transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
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            You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
          rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
          not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
          rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
          (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
          any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
          sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
          
            11. Patents.
          
            A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
          License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
          work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
          
            A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
          owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
          hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
          by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
          but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
          consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
          purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
          patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
          this License.
          
            Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
          patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
          make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
          propagate the contents of its contributor version.
          
            In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
          agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
          (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
          sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
          party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
          patent against the party.
          
            If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
          and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
          to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
          publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
          then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
          available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
          patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
          consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
          license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
          actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
          covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
          in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
          country that you have reason to believe are valid.
          
            If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
          arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
          covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
          receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
          or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
          you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
          work and works based on it.
          
            A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
          the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
          conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
          specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
          work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
          in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
          to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
          the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
          parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
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          conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
          for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
          contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
          or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
          
            Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
          any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
          otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
          
            12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
          
            If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
          otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
          excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
          covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
          License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
          not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
          to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
          the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
          License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
          
            13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
          
            Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
          permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
          under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
          combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
          License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
          but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
          section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
          combination as such.
          
            14. Revised Versions of this License.
          
            The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
          the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
          be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
          address new problems or concerns.
          
            Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
          Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
          Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
          option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
          version or of any later version published by the Free Software
          Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
          GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
          by the Free Software Foundation.
          
            If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
          versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
          public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
          to choose that version for the Program.
          
            Later license versions may give you additional or different
          permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
          author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
          later version.
          
            15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
          
            THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
          APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
          HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
          OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
          THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
          PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
          IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
          ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
          
            16. Limitation of Liability.
          
            IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
          WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
          THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
          GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
          USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
          DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
          PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
          EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
          SUCH DAMAGES.
          
            17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
          
            If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
          above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
          reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
          an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
          Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
          copy of the Program in return for a fee.
          
                               END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
          
                      How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
          
            If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
          possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
          free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
          
            To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
          to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
          state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
          the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
          
              <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
              Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
          
              This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
              it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
              the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
              (at your option) any later version.
          
              This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
              but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
              MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
              GNU General Public License for more details.
          
              You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
              along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
          
          Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
          
            If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
          notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
          
              <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
              This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
              This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
              under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
          
          The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
          parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
          might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
          
            You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
          if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
          For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
          <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
          
            The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
          into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
          may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
          the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
          Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
          <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
          
          */

          File 3 of 3: Permit2
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
          pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
          /// @notice Modern and gas efficient ERC20 + EIP-2612 implementation.
          /// @author Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/tokens/ERC20.sol)
          /// @author Modified from Uniswap (https://github.com/Uniswap/uniswap-v2-core/blob/master/contracts/UniswapV2ERC20.sol)
          /// @dev Do not manually set balances without updating totalSupply, as the sum of all user balances must not exceed it.
          abstract contract ERC20 {
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                           EVENTS
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount);
              event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 amount);
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                      METADATA STORAGE
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              string public name;
              string public symbol;
              uint8 public immutable decimals;
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                        ERC20 STORAGE
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              uint256 public totalSupply;
              mapping(address => uint256) public balanceOf;
              mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public allowance;
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                      EIP-2612 STORAGE
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              uint256 internal immutable INITIAL_CHAIN_ID;
              bytes32 internal immutable INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
              mapping(address => uint256) public nonces;
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                         CONSTRUCTOR
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              constructor(
                  string memory _name,
                  string memory _symbol,
                  uint8 _decimals
              ) {
                  name = _name;
                  symbol = _symbol;
                  decimals = _decimals;
                  INITIAL_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
                  INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = computeDomainSeparator();
              }
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                         ERC20 LOGIC
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual returns (bool) {
                  allowance[msg.sender][spender] = amount;
                  emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, amount);
                  return true;
              }
              function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual returns (bool) {
                  balanceOf[msg.sender] -= amount;
                  // Cannot overflow because the sum of all user
                  // balances can't exceed the max uint256 value.
                  unchecked {
                      balanceOf[to] += amount;
                  }
                  emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);
                  return true;
              }
              function transferFrom(
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount
              ) public virtual returns (bool) {
                  uint256 allowed = allowance[from][msg.sender]; // Saves gas for limited approvals.
                  if (allowed != type(uint256).max) allowance[from][msg.sender] = allowed - amount;
                  balanceOf[from] -= amount;
                  // Cannot overflow because the sum of all user
                  // balances can't exceed the max uint256 value.
                  unchecked {
                      balanceOf[to] += amount;
                  }
                  emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
                  return true;
              }
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                       EIP-2612 LOGIC
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              function permit(
                  address owner,
                  address spender,
                  uint256 value,
                  uint256 deadline,
                  uint8 v,
                  bytes32 r,
                  bytes32 s
              ) public virtual {
                  require(deadline >= block.timestamp, "PERMIT_DEADLINE_EXPIRED");
                  // Unchecked because the only math done is incrementing
                  // the owner's nonce which cannot realistically overflow.
                  unchecked {
                      address recoveredAddress = ecrecover(
                          keccak256(
                              abi.encodePacked(
                                  "\\x19\\x01",
                                  DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(),
                                  keccak256(
                                      abi.encode(
                                          keccak256(
                                              "Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)"
                                          ),
                                          owner,
                                          spender,
                                          value,
                                          nonces[owner]++,
                                          deadline
                                      )
                                  )
                              )
                          ),
                          v,
                          r,
                          s
                      );
                      require(recoveredAddress != address(0) && recoveredAddress == owner, "INVALID_SIGNER");
                      allowance[recoveredAddress][spender] = value;
                  }
                  emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
              }
              function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                  return block.chainid == INITIAL_CHAIN_ID ? INITIAL_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR : computeDomainSeparator();
              }
              function computeDomainSeparator() internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
                  return
                      keccak256(
                          abi.encode(
                              keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"),
                              keccak256(bytes(name)),
                              keccak256("1"),
                              block.chainid,
                              address(this)
                          )
                      );
              }
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                  INTERNAL MINT/BURN LOGIC
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              function _mint(address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                  totalSupply += amount;
                  // Cannot overflow because the sum of all user
                  // balances can't exceed the max uint256 value.
                  unchecked {
                      balanceOf[to] += amount;
                  }
                  emit Transfer(address(0), to, amount);
              }
              function _burn(address from, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
                  balanceOf[from] -= amount;
                  // Cannot underflow because a user's balance
                  // will never be larger than the total supply.
                  unchecked {
                      totalSupply -= amount;
                  }
                  emit Transfer(from, address(0), amount);
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
          pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
          import {ERC20} from "../tokens/ERC20.sol";
          /// @notice Safe ETH and ERC20 transfer library that gracefully handles missing return values.
          /// @author Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol)
          /// @dev Use with caution! Some functions in this library knowingly create dirty bits at the destination of the free memory pointer.
          /// @dev Note that none of the functions in this library check that a token has code at all! That responsibility is delegated to the caller.
          library SafeTransferLib {
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                       ETH OPERATIONS
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              function safeTransferETH(address to, uint256 amount) internal {
                  bool success;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      // Transfer the ETH and store if it succeeded or not.
                      success := call(gas(), to, amount, 0, 0, 0, 0)
                  }
                  require(success, "ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED");
              }
              /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                      ERC20 OPERATIONS
              //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/
              function safeTransferFrom(
                  ERC20 token,
                  address from,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount
              ) internal {
                  bool success;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      // Get a pointer to some free memory.
                      let freeMemoryPointer := mload(0x40)
                      // Write the abi-encoded calldata into memory, beginning with the function selector.
                      mstore(freeMemoryPointer, 0x23b872dd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 4), from) // Append the "from" argument.
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 36), to) // Append the "to" argument.
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 68), amount) // Append the "amount" argument.
                      success := and(
                          // Set success to whether the call reverted, if not we check it either
                          // returned exactly 1 (can't just be non-zero data), or had no return data.
                          or(and(eq(mload(0), 1), gt(returndatasize(), 31)), iszero(returndatasize())),
                          // We use 100 because the length of our calldata totals up like so: 4 + 32 * 3.
                          // We use 0 and 32 to copy up to 32 bytes of return data into the scratch space.
                          // Counterintuitively, this call must be positioned second to the or() call in the
                          // surrounding and() call or else returndatasize() will be zero during the computation.
                          call(gas(), token, 0, freeMemoryPointer, 100, 0, 32)
                      )
                  }
                  require(success, "TRANSFER_FROM_FAILED");
              }
              function safeTransfer(
                  ERC20 token,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount
              ) internal {
                  bool success;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      // Get a pointer to some free memory.
                      let freeMemoryPointer := mload(0x40)
                      // Write the abi-encoded calldata into memory, beginning with the function selector.
                      mstore(freeMemoryPointer, 0xa9059cbb00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 4), to) // Append the "to" argument.
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 36), amount) // Append the "amount" argument.
                      success := and(
                          // Set success to whether the call reverted, if not we check it either
                          // returned exactly 1 (can't just be non-zero data), or had no return data.
                          or(and(eq(mload(0), 1), gt(returndatasize(), 31)), iszero(returndatasize())),
                          // We use 68 because the length of our calldata totals up like so: 4 + 32 * 2.
                          // We use 0 and 32 to copy up to 32 bytes of return data into the scratch space.
                          // Counterintuitively, this call must be positioned second to the or() call in the
                          // surrounding and() call or else returndatasize() will be zero during the computation.
                          call(gas(), token, 0, freeMemoryPointer, 68, 0, 32)
                      )
                  }
                  require(success, "TRANSFER_FAILED");
              }
              function safeApprove(
                  ERC20 token,
                  address to,
                  uint256 amount
              ) internal {
                  bool success;
                  /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                  assembly {
                      // Get a pointer to some free memory.
                      let freeMemoryPointer := mload(0x40)
                      // Write the abi-encoded calldata into memory, beginning with the function selector.
                      mstore(freeMemoryPointer, 0x095ea7b300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 4), to) // Append the "to" argument.
                      mstore(add(freeMemoryPointer, 36), amount) // Append the "amount" argument.
                      success := and(
                          // Set success to whether the call reverted, if not we check it either
                          // returned exactly 1 (can't just be non-zero data), or had no return data.
                          or(and(eq(mload(0), 1), gt(returndatasize(), 31)), iszero(returndatasize())),
                          // We use 68 because the length of our calldata totals up like so: 4 + 32 * 2.
                          // We use 0 and 32 to copy up to 32 bytes of return data into the scratch space.
                          // Counterintuitively, this call must be positioned second to the or() call in the
                          // surrounding and() call or else returndatasize() will be zero during the computation.
                          call(gas(), token, 0, freeMemoryPointer, 68, 0, 32)
                      )
                  }
                  require(success, "APPROVE_FAILED");
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity 0.8.17;
          import {ERC20} from "solmate/tokens/ERC20.sol";
          import {SafeTransferLib} from "solmate/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol";
          import {PermitHash} from "./libraries/PermitHash.sol";
          import {SignatureVerification} from "./libraries/SignatureVerification.sol";
          import {EIP712} from "./EIP712.sol";
          import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "../src/interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol";
          import {SignatureExpired, InvalidNonce} from "./PermitErrors.sol";
          import {Allowance} from "./libraries/Allowance.sol";
          contract AllowanceTransfer is IAllowanceTransfer, EIP712 {
              using SignatureVerification for bytes;
              using SafeTransferLib for ERC20;
              using PermitHash for PermitSingle;
              using PermitHash for PermitBatch;
              using Allowance for PackedAllowance;
              /// @notice Maps users to tokens to spender addresses and information about the approval on the token
              /// @dev Indexed in the order of token owner address, token address, spender address
              /// @dev The stored word saves the allowed amount, expiration on the allowance, and nonce
              mapping(address => mapping(address => mapping(address => PackedAllowance))) public allowance;
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function approve(address token, address spender, uint160 amount, uint48 expiration) external {
                  PackedAllowance storage allowed = allowance[msg.sender][token][spender];
                  allowed.updateAmountAndExpiration(amount, expiration);
                  emit Approval(msg.sender, token, spender, amount, expiration);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function permit(address owner, PermitSingle memory permitSingle, bytes calldata signature) external {
                  if (block.timestamp > permitSingle.sigDeadline) revert SignatureExpired(permitSingle.sigDeadline);
                  // Verify the signer address from the signature.
                  signature.verify(_hashTypedData(permitSingle.hash()), owner);
                  _updateApproval(permitSingle.details, owner, permitSingle.spender);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function permit(address owner, PermitBatch memory permitBatch, bytes calldata signature) external {
                  if (block.timestamp > permitBatch.sigDeadline) revert SignatureExpired(permitBatch.sigDeadline);
                  // Verify the signer address from the signature.
                  signature.verify(_hashTypedData(permitBatch.hash()), owner);
                  address spender = permitBatch.spender;
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 length = permitBatch.details.length;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                          _updateApproval(permitBatch.details[i], owner, spender);
                      }
                  }
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint160 amount, address token) external {
                  _transfer(from, to, amount, token);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function transferFrom(AllowanceTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails) external {
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 length = transferDetails.length;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                          AllowanceTransferDetails memory transferDetail = transferDetails[i];
                          _transfer(transferDetail.from, transferDetail.to, transferDetail.amount, transferDetail.token);
                      }
                  }
              }
              /// @notice Internal function for transferring tokens using stored allowances
              /// @dev Will fail if the allowed timeframe has passed
              function _transfer(address from, address to, uint160 amount, address token) private {
                  PackedAllowance storage allowed = allowance[from][token][msg.sender];
                  if (block.timestamp > allowed.expiration) revert AllowanceExpired(allowed.expiration);
                  uint256 maxAmount = allowed.amount;
                  if (maxAmount != type(uint160).max) {
                      if (amount > maxAmount) {
                          revert InsufficientAllowance(maxAmount);
                      } else {
                          unchecked {
                              allowed.amount = uint160(maxAmount) - amount;
                          }
                      }
                  }
                  // Transfer the tokens from the from address to the recipient.
                  ERC20(token).safeTransferFrom(from, to, amount);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function lockdown(TokenSpenderPair[] calldata approvals) external {
                  address owner = msg.sender;
                  // Revoke allowances for each pair of spenders and tokens.
                  unchecked {
                      uint256 length = approvals.length;
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
                          address token = approvals[i].token;
                          address spender = approvals[i].spender;
                          allowance[owner][token][spender].amount = 0;
                          emit Lockdown(owner, token, spender);
                      }
                  }
              }
              /// @inheritdoc IAllowanceTransfer
              function invalidateNonces(address token, address spender, uint48 newNonce) external {
                  uint48 oldNonce = allowance[msg.sender][token][spender].nonce;
                  if (newNonce <= oldNonce) revert InvalidNonce();
                  // Limit the amount of nonces that can be invalidated in one transaction.
                  unchecked {
                      uint48 delta = newNonce - oldNonce;
                      if (delta > type(uint16).max) revert ExcessiveInvalidation();
                  }
                  allowance[msg.sender][token][spender].nonce = newNonce;
                  emit NonceInvalidation(msg.sender, token, spender, newNonce, oldNonce);
              }
              /// @notice Sets the new values for amount, expiration, and nonce.
              /// @dev Will check that the signed nonce is equal to the current nonce and then incrememnt the nonce value by 1.
              /// @dev Emits a Permit event.
              function _updateApproval(PermitDetails memory details, address owner, address spender) private {
                  uint48 nonce = details.nonce;
                  address token = details.token;
                  uint160 amount = details.amount;
                  uint48 expiration = details.expiration;
                  PackedAllowance storage allowed = allowance[owner][token][spender];
                  if (allowed.nonce != nonce) revert InvalidNonce();
                  allowed.updateAll(amount, expiration, nonce);
                  emit Permit(owner, token, spender, amount, expiration, nonce);
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity 0.8.17;
          /// @notice EIP712 helpers for permit2
          /// @dev Maintains cross-chain replay protection in the event of a fork
          /// @dev Reference: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol
          contract EIP712 {
              // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it
              // corresponds to, in order to invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
              bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
              uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
              bytes32 private constant _HASHED_NAME = keccak256("Permit2");
              bytes32 private constant _TYPE_HASH =
                  keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");
              constructor() {
                  _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
                  _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME);
              }
              /// @notice Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
              /// @dev Uses cached version if chainid and address are unchanged from construction.
              function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() public view returns (bytes32) {
                  return block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID
                      ? _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR
                      : _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME);
              }
              /// @notice Builds a domain separator using the current chainId and contract address.
              function _buildDomainSeparator(bytes32 typeHash, bytes32 nameHash) private view returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
              }
              /// @notice Creates an EIP-712 typed data hash
              function _hashTypedData(bytes32 dataHash) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\\x19\\x01", DOMAIN_SEPARATOR(), dataHash));
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity 0.8.17;
          import {SignatureTransfer} from "./SignatureTransfer.sol";
          import {AllowanceTransfer} from "./AllowanceTransfer.sol";
          /// @notice Permit2 handles signature-based transfers in SignatureTransfer and allowance-based transfers in AllowanceTransfer.
          /// @dev Users must approve Permit2 before calling any of the transfer functions.
          contract Permit2 is SignatureTransfer, AllowanceTransfer {
          // Permit2 unifies the two contracts so users have maximal flexibility with their approval.
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity 0.8.17;
          /// @notice Shared errors between signature based transfers and allowance based transfers.
          /// @notice Thrown when validating an inputted signature that is stale
          /// @param signatureDeadline The timestamp at which a signature is no longer valid
          error SignatureExpired(uint256 signatureDeadline);
          /// @notice Thrown when validating that the inputted nonce has not been used
          error InvalidNonce();
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity 0.8.17;
          import {ISignatureTransfer} from "./interfaces/ISignatureTransfer.sol";
          import {SignatureExpired, InvalidNonce} from "./PermitErrors.sol";
          import {ERC20} from "solmate/tokens/ERC20.sol";
          import {SafeTransferLib} from "solmate/utils/SafeTransferLib.sol";
          import {SignatureVerification} from "./libraries/SignatureVerification.sol";
          import {PermitHash} from "./libraries/PermitHash.sol";
          import {EIP712} from "./EIP712.sol";
          contract SignatureTransfer is ISignatureTransfer, EIP712 {
              using SignatureVerification for bytes;
              using SafeTransferLib for ERC20;
              using PermitHash for PermitTransferFrom;
              using PermitHash for PermitBatchTransferFrom;
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) public nonceBitmap;
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              function permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external {
                  _permitTransferFrom(permit, transferDetails, owner, permit.hash(), signature);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              function permitWitnessTransferFrom(
                  PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external {
                  _permitTransferFrom(
                      permit, transferDetails, owner, permit.hashWithWitness(witness, witnessTypeString), signature
                  );
              }
              /// @notice Transfers a token using a signed permit message.
              /// @dev If to is the zero address, the tokens are sent to the spender.
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param dataHash The EIP-712 hash of permit data to include when checking signature
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param transferDetails The spender's requested transfer details for the permitted token
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function _permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 dataHash,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) private {
                  uint256 requestedAmount = transferDetails.requestedAmount;
                  if (block.timestamp > permit.deadline) revert SignatureExpired(permit.deadline);
                  if (requestedAmount > permit.permitted.amount) revert InvalidAmount(permit.permitted.amount);
                  _useUnorderedNonce(owner, permit.nonce);
                  signature.verify(_hashTypedData(dataHash), owner);
                  ERC20(permit.permitted.token).safeTransferFrom(owner, transferDetails.to, requestedAmount);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              function permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external {
                  _permitTransferFrom(permit, transferDetails, owner, permit.hash(), signature);
              }
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              function permitWitnessTransferFrom(
                  PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external {
                  _permitTransferFrom(
                      permit, transferDetails, owner, permit.hashWithWitness(witness, witnessTypeString), signature
                  );
              }
              /// @notice Transfers tokens using a signed permit messages
              /// @dev If to is the zero address, the tokens are sent to the spender
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param dataHash The EIP-712 hash of permit data to include when checking signature
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function _permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 dataHash,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) private {
                  uint256 numPermitted = permit.permitted.length;
                  if (block.timestamp > permit.deadline) revert SignatureExpired(permit.deadline);
                  if (numPermitted != transferDetails.length) revert LengthMismatch();
                  _useUnorderedNonce(owner, permit.nonce);
                  signature.verify(_hashTypedData(dataHash), owner);
                  unchecked {
                      for (uint256 i = 0; i < numPermitted; ++i) {
                          TokenPermissions memory permitted = permit.permitted[i];
                          uint256 requestedAmount = transferDetails[i].requestedAmount;
                          if (requestedAmount > permitted.amount) revert InvalidAmount(permitted.amount);
                          if (requestedAmount != 0) {
                              // allow spender to specify which of the permitted tokens should be transferred
                              ERC20(permitted.token).safeTransferFrom(owner, transferDetails[i].to, requestedAmount);
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              /// @inheritdoc ISignatureTransfer
              function invalidateUnorderedNonces(uint256 wordPos, uint256 mask) external {
                  nonceBitmap[msg.sender][wordPos] |= mask;
                  emit UnorderedNonceInvalidation(msg.sender, wordPos, mask);
              }
              /// @notice Returns the index of the bitmap and the bit position within the bitmap. Used for unordered nonces
              /// @param nonce The nonce to get the associated word and bit positions
              /// @return wordPos The word position or index into the nonceBitmap
              /// @return bitPos The bit position
              /// @dev The first 248 bits of the nonce value is the index of the desired bitmap
              /// @dev The last 8 bits of the nonce value is the position of the bit in the bitmap
              function bitmapPositions(uint256 nonce) private pure returns (uint256 wordPos, uint256 bitPos) {
                  wordPos = uint248(nonce >> 8);
                  bitPos = uint8(nonce);
              }
              /// @notice Checks whether a nonce is taken and sets the bit at the bit position in the bitmap at the word position
              /// @param from The address to use the nonce at
              /// @param nonce The nonce to spend
              function _useUnorderedNonce(address from, uint256 nonce) internal {
                  (uint256 wordPos, uint256 bitPos) = bitmapPositions(nonce);
                  uint256 bit = 1 << bitPos;
                  uint256 flipped = nonceBitmap[from][wordPos] ^= bit;
                  if (flipped & bit == 0) revert InvalidNonce();
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          /// @title AllowanceTransfer
          /// @notice Handles ERC20 token permissions through signature based allowance setting and ERC20 token transfers by checking allowed amounts
          /// @dev Requires user's token approval on the Permit2 contract
          interface IAllowanceTransfer {
              /// @notice Thrown when an allowance on a token has expired.
              /// @param deadline The timestamp at which the allowed amount is no longer valid
              error AllowanceExpired(uint256 deadline);
              /// @notice Thrown when an allowance on a token has been depleted.
              /// @param amount The maximum amount allowed
              error InsufficientAllowance(uint256 amount);
              /// @notice Thrown when too many nonces are invalidated.
              error ExcessiveInvalidation();
              /// @notice Emits an event when the owner successfully invalidates an ordered nonce.
              event NonceInvalidation(
                  address indexed owner, address indexed token, address indexed spender, uint48 newNonce, uint48 oldNonce
              );
              /// @notice Emits an event when the owner successfully sets permissions on a token for the spender.
              event Approval(
                  address indexed owner, address indexed token, address indexed spender, uint160 amount, uint48 expiration
              );
              /// @notice Emits an event when the owner successfully sets permissions using a permit signature on a token for the spender.
              event Permit(
                  address indexed owner,
                  address indexed token,
                  address indexed spender,
                  uint160 amount,
                  uint48 expiration,
                  uint48 nonce
              );
              /// @notice Emits an event when the owner sets the allowance back to 0 with the lockdown function.
              event Lockdown(address indexed owner, address token, address spender);
              /// @notice The permit data for a token
              struct PermitDetails {
                  // ERC20 token address
                  address token;
                  // the maximum amount allowed to spend
                  uint160 amount;
                  // timestamp at which a spender's token allowances become invalid
                  uint48 expiration;
                  // an incrementing value indexed per owner,token,and spender for each signature
                  uint48 nonce;
              }
              /// @notice The permit message signed for a single token allownce
              struct PermitSingle {
                  // the permit data for a single token alownce
                  PermitDetails details;
                  // address permissioned on the allowed tokens
                  address spender;
                  // deadline on the permit signature
                  uint256 sigDeadline;
              }
              /// @notice The permit message signed for multiple token allowances
              struct PermitBatch {
                  // the permit data for multiple token allowances
                  PermitDetails[] details;
                  // address permissioned on the allowed tokens
                  address spender;
                  // deadline on the permit signature
                  uint256 sigDeadline;
              }
              /// @notice The saved permissions
              /// @dev This info is saved per owner, per token, per spender and all signed over in the permit message
              /// @dev Setting amount to type(uint160).max sets an unlimited approval
              struct PackedAllowance {
                  // amount allowed
                  uint160 amount;
                  // permission expiry
                  uint48 expiration;
                  // an incrementing value indexed per owner,token,and spender for each signature
                  uint48 nonce;
              }
              /// @notice A token spender pair.
              struct TokenSpenderPair {
                  // the token the spender is approved
                  address token;
                  // the spender address
                  address spender;
              }
              /// @notice Details for a token transfer.
              struct AllowanceTransferDetails {
                  // the owner of the token
                  address from;
                  // the recipient of the token
                  address to;
                  // the amount of the token
                  uint160 amount;
                  // the token to be transferred
                  address token;
              }
              /// @notice A mapping from owner address to token address to spender address to PackedAllowance struct, which contains details and conditions of the approval.
              /// @notice The mapping is indexed in the above order see: allowance[ownerAddress][tokenAddress][spenderAddress]
              /// @dev The packed slot holds the allowed amount, expiration at which the allowed amount is no longer valid, and current nonce thats updated on any signature based approvals.
              function allowance(address, address, address) external view returns (uint160, uint48, uint48);
              /// @notice Approves the spender to use up to amount of the specified token up until the expiration
              /// @param token The token to approve
              /// @param spender The spender address to approve
              /// @param amount The approved amount of the token
              /// @param expiration The timestamp at which the approval is no longer valid
              /// @dev The packed allowance also holds a nonce, which will stay unchanged in approve
              /// @dev Setting amount to type(uint160).max sets an unlimited approval
              function approve(address token, address spender, uint160 amount, uint48 expiration) external;
              /// @notice Permit a spender to a given amount of the owners token via the owner's EIP-712 signature
              /// @dev May fail if the owner's nonce was invalidated in-flight by invalidateNonce
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens being approved
              /// @param permitSingle Data signed over by the owner specifying the terms of approval
              /// @param signature The owner's signature over the permit data
              function permit(address owner, PermitSingle memory permitSingle, bytes calldata signature) external;
              /// @notice Permit a spender to the signed amounts of the owners tokens via the owner's EIP-712 signature
              /// @dev May fail if the owner's nonce was invalidated in-flight by invalidateNonce
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens being approved
              /// @param permitBatch Data signed over by the owner specifying the terms of approval
              /// @param signature The owner's signature over the permit data
              function permit(address owner, PermitBatch memory permitBatch, bytes calldata signature) external;
              /// @notice Transfer approved tokens from one address to another
              /// @param from The address to transfer from
              /// @param to The address of the recipient
              /// @param amount The amount of the token to transfer
              /// @param token The token address to transfer
              /// @dev Requires the from address to have approved at least the desired amount
              /// of tokens to msg.sender.
              function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint160 amount, address token) external;
              /// @notice Transfer approved tokens in a batch
              /// @param transferDetails Array of owners, recipients, amounts, and tokens for the transfers
              /// @dev Requires the from addresses to have approved at least the desired amount
              /// of tokens to msg.sender.
              function transferFrom(AllowanceTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails) external;
              /// @notice Enables performing a "lockdown" of the sender's Permit2 identity
              /// by batch revoking approvals
              /// @param approvals Array of approvals to revoke.
              function lockdown(TokenSpenderPair[] calldata approvals) external;
              /// @notice Invalidate nonces for a given (token, spender) pair
              /// @param token The token to invalidate nonces for
              /// @param spender The spender to invalidate nonces for
              /// @param newNonce The new nonce to set. Invalidates all nonces less than it.
              /// @dev Can't invalidate more than 2**16 nonces per transaction.
              function invalidateNonces(address token, address spender, uint48 newNonce) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          interface IERC1271 {
              /// @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
              /// @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
              /// @param signature Signature byte array associated with _data
              /// @return magicValue The bytes4 magic value 0x1626ba7e
              function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          /// @title SignatureTransfer
          /// @notice Handles ERC20 token transfers through signature based actions
          /// @dev Requires user's token approval on the Permit2 contract
          interface ISignatureTransfer {
              /// @notice Thrown when the requested amount for a transfer is larger than the permissioned amount
              /// @param maxAmount The maximum amount a spender can request to transfer
              error InvalidAmount(uint256 maxAmount);
              /// @notice Thrown when the number of tokens permissioned to a spender does not match the number of tokens being transferred
              /// @dev If the spender does not need to transfer the number of tokens permitted, the spender can request amount 0 to be transferred
              error LengthMismatch();
              /// @notice Emits an event when the owner successfully invalidates an unordered nonce.
              event UnorderedNonceInvalidation(address indexed owner, uint256 word, uint256 mask);
              /// @notice The token and amount details for a transfer signed in the permit transfer signature
              struct TokenPermissions {
                  // ERC20 token address
                  address token;
                  // the maximum amount that can be spent
                  uint256 amount;
              }
              /// @notice The signed permit message for a single token transfer
              struct PermitTransferFrom {
                  TokenPermissions permitted;
                  // a unique value for every token owner's signature to prevent signature replays
                  uint256 nonce;
                  // deadline on the permit signature
                  uint256 deadline;
              }
              /// @notice Specifies the recipient address and amount for batched transfers.
              /// @dev Recipients and amounts correspond to the index of the signed token permissions array.
              /// @dev Reverts if the requested amount is greater than the permitted signed amount.
              struct SignatureTransferDetails {
                  // recipient address
                  address to;
                  // spender requested amount
                  uint256 requestedAmount;
              }
              /// @notice Used to reconstruct the signed permit message for multiple token transfers
              /// @dev Do not need to pass in spender address as it is required that it is msg.sender
              /// @dev Note that a user still signs over a spender address
              struct PermitBatchTransferFrom {
                  // the tokens and corresponding amounts permitted for a transfer
                  TokenPermissions[] permitted;
                  // a unique value for every token owner's signature to prevent signature replays
                  uint256 nonce;
                  // deadline on the permit signature
                  uint256 deadline;
              }
              /// @notice A map from token owner address and a caller specified word index to a bitmap. Used to set bits in the bitmap to prevent against signature replay protection
              /// @dev Uses unordered nonces so that permit messages do not need to be spent in a certain order
              /// @dev The mapping is indexed first by the token owner, then by an index specified in the nonce
              /// @dev It returns a uint256 bitmap
              /// @dev The index, or wordPosition is capped at type(uint248).max
              function nonceBitmap(address, uint256) external view returns (uint256);
              /// @notice Transfers a token using a signed permit message
              /// @dev Reverts if the requested amount is greater than the permitted signed amount
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param transferDetails The spender's requested transfer details for the permitted token
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external;
              /// @notice Transfers a token using a signed permit message
              /// @notice Includes extra data provided by the caller to verify signature over
              /// @dev The witness type string must follow EIP712 ordering of nested structs and must include the TokenPermissions type definition
              /// @dev Reverts if the requested amount is greater than the permitted signed amount
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param transferDetails The spender's requested transfer details for the permitted token
              /// @param witness Extra data to include when checking the user signature
              /// @param witnessTypeString The EIP-712 type definition for remaining string stub of the typehash
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function permitWitnessTransferFrom(
                  PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external;
              /// @notice Transfers multiple tokens using a signed permit message
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param transferDetails Specifies the recipient and requested amount for the token transfer
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function permitTransferFrom(
                  PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external;
              /// @notice Transfers multiple tokens using a signed permit message
              /// @dev The witness type string must follow EIP712 ordering of nested structs and must include the TokenPermissions type definition
              /// @notice Includes extra data provided by the caller to verify signature over
              /// @param permit The permit data signed over by the owner
              /// @param owner The owner of the tokens to transfer
              /// @param transferDetails Specifies the recipient and requested amount for the token transfer
              /// @param witness Extra data to include when checking the user signature
              /// @param witnessTypeString The EIP-712 type definition for remaining string stub of the typehash
              /// @param signature The signature to verify
              function permitWitnessTransferFrom(
                  PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  SignatureTransferDetails[] calldata transferDetails,
                  address owner,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString,
                  bytes calldata signature
              ) external;
              /// @notice Invalidates the bits specified in mask for the bitmap at the word position
              /// @dev The wordPos is maxed at type(uint248).max
              /// @param wordPos A number to index the nonceBitmap at
              /// @param mask A bitmap masked against msg.sender's current bitmap at the word position
              function invalidateUnorderedNonces(uint256 wordPos, uint256 mask) external;
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "../interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol";
          library Allowance {
              // note if the expiration passed is 0, then it the approval set to the block.timestamp
              uint256 private constant BLOCK_TIMESTAMP_EXPIRATION = 0;
              /// @notice Sets the allowed amount, expiry, and nonce of the spender's permissions on owner's token.
              /// @dev Nonce is incremented.
              /// @dev If the inputted expiration is 0, the stored expiration is set to block.timestamp
              function updateAll(
                  IAllowanceTransfer.PackedAllowance storage allowed,
                  uint160 amount,
                  uint48 expiration,
                  uint48 nonce
              ) internal {
                  uint48 storedNonce;
                  unchecked {
                      storedNonce = nonce + 1;
                  }
                  uint48 storedExpiration = expiration == BLOCK_TIMESTAMP_EXPIRATION ? uint48(block.timestamp) : expiration;
                  uint256 word = pack(amount, storedExpiration, storedNonce);
                  assembly {
                      sstore(allowed.slot, word)
                  }
              }
              /// @notice Sets the allowed amount and expiry of the spender's permissions on owner's token.
              /// @dev Nonce does not need to be incremented.
              function updateAmountAndExpiration(
                  IAllowanceTransfer.PackedAllowance storage allowed,
                  uint160 amount,
                  uint48 expiration
              ) internal {
                  // If the inputted expiration is 0, the allowance only lasts the duration of the block.
                  allowed.expiration = expiration == 0 ? uint48(block.timestamp) : expiration;
                  allowed.amount = amount;
              }
              /// @notice Computes the packed slot of the amount, expiration, and nonce that make up PackedAllowance
              function pack(uint160 amount, uint48 expiration, uint48 nonce) internal pure returns (uint256 word) {
                  word = (uint256(nonce) << 208) | uint256(expiration) << 160 | amount;
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          import {IAllowanceTransfer} from "../interfaces/IAllowanceTransfer.sol";
          import {ISignatureTransfer} from "../interfaces/ISignatureTransfer.sol";
          library PermitHash {
              bytes32 public constant _PERMIT_DETAILS_TYPEHASH =
                  keccak256("PermitDetails(address token,uint160 amount,uint48 expiration,uint48 nonce)");
              bytes32 public constant _PERMIT_SINGLE_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
                  "PermitSingle(PermitDetails details,address spender,uint256 sigDeadline)PermitDetails(address token,uint160 amount,uint48 expiration,uint48 nonce)"
              );
              bytes32 public constant _PERMIT_BATCH_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
                  "PermitBatch(PermitDetails[] details,address spender,uint256 sigDeadline)PermitDetails(address token,uint160 amount,uint48 expiration,uint48 nonce)"
              );
              bytes32 public constant _TOKEN_PERMISSIONS_TYPEHASH = keccak256("TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount)");
              bytes32 public constant _PERMIT_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
                  "PermitTransferFrom(TokenPermissions permitted,address spender,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount)"
              );
              bytes32 public constant _PERMIT_BATCH_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH = keccak256(
                  "PermitBatchTransferFrom(TokenPermissions[] permitted,address spender,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount)"
              );
              string public constant _TOKEN_PERMISSIONS_TYPESTRING = "TokenPermissions(address token,uint256 amount)";
              string public constant _PERMIT_TRANSFER_FROM_WITNESS_TYPEHASH_STUB =
                  "PermitWitnessTransferFrom(TokenPermissions permitted,address spender,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline,";
              string public constant _PERMIT_BATCH_WITNESS_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH_STUB =
                  "PermitBatchWitnessTransferFrom(TokenPermissions[] permitted,address spender,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline,";
              function hash(IAllowanceTransfer.PermitSingle memory permitSingle) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                  bytes32 permitHash = _hashPermitDetails(permitSingle.details);
                  return
                      keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_SINGLE_TYPEHASH, permitHash, permitSingle.spender, permitSingle.sigDeadline));
              }
              function hash(IAllowanceTransfer.PermitBatch memory permitBatch) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
                  uint256 numPermits = permitBatch.details.length;
                  bytes32[] memory permitHashes = new bytes32[](numPermits);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < numPermits; ++i) {
                      permitHashes[i] = _hashPermitDetails(permitBatch.details[i]);
                  }
                  return keccak256(
                      abi.encode(
                          _PERMIT_BATCH_TYPEHASH,
                          keccak256(abi.encodePacked(permitHashes)),
                          permitBatch.spender,
                          permitBatch.sigDeadline
                      )
                  );
              }
              function hash(ISignatureTransfer.PermitTransferFrom memory permit) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  bytes32 tokenPermissionsHash = _hashTokenPermissions(permit.permitted);
                  return keccak256(
                      abi.encode(_PERMIT_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH, tokenPermissionsHash, msg.sender, permit.nonce, permit.deadline)
                  );
              }
              function hash(ISignatureTransfer.PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  uint256 numPermitted = permit.permitted.length;
                  bytes32[] memory tokenPermissionHashes = new bytes32[](numPermitted);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < numPermitted; ++i) {
                      tokenPermissionHashes[i] = _hashTokenPermissions(permit.permitted[i]);
                  }
                  return keccak256(
                      abi.encode(
                          _PERMIT_BATCH_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH,
                          keccak256(abi.encodePacked(tokenPermissionHashes)),
                          msg.sender,
                          permit.nonce,
                          permit.deadline
                      )
                  );
              }
              function hashWithWitness(
                  ISignatureTransfer.PermitTransferFrom memory permit,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString
              ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_PERMIT_TRANSFER_FROM_WITNESS_TYPEHASH_STUB, witnessTypeString));
                  bytes32 tokenPermissionsHash = _hashTokenPermissions(permit.permitted);
                  return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, tokenPermissionsHash, msg.sender, permit.nonce, permit.deadline, witness));
              }
              function hashWithWitness(
                  ISignatureTransfer.PermitBatchTransferFrom memory permit,
                  bytes32 witness,
                  string calldata witnessTypeString
              ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
                  bytes32 typeHash =
                      keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_PERMIT_BATCH_WITNESS_TRANSFER_FROM_TYPEHASH_STUB, witnessTypeString));
                  uint256 numPermitted = permit.permitted.length;
                  bytes32[] memory tokenPermissionHashes = new bytes32[](numPermitted);
                  for (uint256 i = 0; i < numPermitted; ++i) {
                      tokenPermissionHashes[i] = _hashTokenPermissions(permit.permitted[i]);
                  }
                  return keccak256(
                      abi.encode(
                          typeHash,
                          keccak256(abi.encodePacked(tokenPermissionHashes)),
                          msg.sender,
                          permit.nonce,
                          permit.deadline,
                          witness
                      )
                  );
              }
              function _hashPermitDetails(IAllowanceTransfer.PermitDetails memory details) private pure returns (bytes32) {
                  return keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_DETAILS_TYPEHASH, details));
              }
              function _hashTokenPermissions(ISignatureTransfer.TokenPermissions memory permitted)
                  private
                  pure
                  returns (bytes32)
              {
                  return keccak256(abi.encode(_TOKEN_PERMISSIONS_TYPEHASH, permitted));
              }
          }
          // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
          pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
          import {IERC1271} from "../interfaces/IERC1271.sol";
          library SignatureVerification {
              /// @notice Thrown when the passed in signature is not a valid length
              error InvalidSignatureLength();
              /// @notice Thrown when the recovered signer is equal to the zero address
              error InvalidSignature();
              /// @notice Thrown when the recovered signer does not equal the claimedSigner
              error InvalidSigner();
              /// @notice Thrown when the recovered contract signature is incorrect
              error InvalidContractSignature();
              bytes32 constant UPPER_BIT_MASK = (0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
              function verify(bytes calldata signature, bytes32 hash, address claimedSigner) internal view {
                  bytes32 r;
                  bytes32 s;
                  uint8 v;
                  if (claimedSigner.code.length == 0) {
                      if (signature.length == 65) {
                          (r, s) = abi.decode(signature, (bytes32, bytes32));
                          v = uint8(signature[64]);
                      } else if (signature.length == 64) {
                          // EIP-2098
                          bytes32 vs;
                          (r, vs) = abi.decode(signature, (bytes32, bytes32));
                          s = vs & UPPER_BIT_MASK;
                          v = uint8(uint256(vs >> 255)) + 27;
                      } else {
                          revert InvalidSignatureLength();
                      }
                      address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
                      if (signer == address(0)) revert InvalidSignature();
                      if (signer != claimedSigner) revert InvalidSigner();
                  } else {
                      bytes4 magicValue = IERC1271(claimedSigner).isValidSignature(hash, signature);
                      if (magicValue != IERC1271.isValidSignature.selector) revert InvalidContractSignature();
                  }
              }
          }